Kitty Werthmann survived Hitler.
“What I am about to tell you is something you’ve probably never heard or read in history books,” she likes to tell audiences.
“I am a witness to history.
“I cannot tell you that Hitler took Austria by tanks and guns; it would distort history.
“We voted him in.”
If you remember the plot of the
Sound of Music, the Von
Trapp family escaped over the Alps rather than submit to the Nazis.
Kitty wasn’t so lucky. Her family chose to stay in her native Austria.
She was 10 years old, but bright and aware. And she was watching.
“We elected him by a landslide – 98 percent of the vote,” she recalls.
She wasn’t old enough to vote in 1938 – approaching her 11th birthday. But she remembers.
“Everyone thinks that Hitler just rolled in with his tanks and took Austria by force.”
No so.
“In 1938, Austria was in deep Depression. Nearly one-third of our
workforce was unemployed. We had 25 percent inflation and 25 percent
bank loan interest rates.
Farmers and business people were declaring bankruptcy daily. Young
people were going from house to house begging for food. Not that they
didn’t want to work; there simply weren’t any jobs.
“My mother was a Christian woman and believed in helping people in
need. Every day we cooked a big kettle of soup and baked bread to feed
those poor, hungry people – about 30 daily.’
“We looked to our neighbor on the north, Germany, where Hitler had
been in power since 1933.” she recalls. “We had been told that they
didn’t have unemployment or crime, and they had a high standard of
living.
“Nothing was ever said about persecution of any group – Jewish or
otherwise. We were led to believe that everyone in Germany was happy. We
wanted the same way of life in Austria. We were promised that a vote
for Hitler would mean the end of unemployment and help for the family.
Hitler also said that businesses would be assisted, and farmers would
get their farms back.
“Ninety-eight percent of the population voted to annex Austria to Germany and have Hitler for our ruler.
“We were overjoyed,” remembers Kitty, “and for three days we danced
in the streets and had candlelight parades. The new government opened up
big field kitchens and everyone was fed.
“After the election, German officials were appointed, and like a
miracle, we suddenly had law and order. Three or four weeks later,
everyone was employed. The government made sure that a lot of work was
created through the Public Work Service.
“Hitler decided we should have equal rights for women. Before this,
it was a custom that married Austrian women did not work outside the
home. An able-bodied husband would be looked down on if he couldn’t
support his family. Many women in the teaching profession were elated
that they could retain the jobs they previously had been required to
give up for marriage.
“Then we lost religious education for kids
."
“Our education was nationalized. I attended a very good public
school.. The population was predominantly Catholic, so we had religion
in our schools. The day we elected Hitler (March 13, 1938), I walked
into my schoolroom to find the crucifix replaced by Hitler’s picture
hanging next to a Nazi flag. Our teacher, a very devout woman, stood up
and told the class we wouldn’t pray or have religion anymore. Instead,
we sang ‘Deutschland, Deutschland, Uber Alles,’ and had physical
education.
“Sunday became National Youth Day with compulsory attendance. Parents
were not pleased about the sudden change in curriculum. They were told
that if they did not send us, they would receive a stiff letter of
warning the first time. The second time they would be fined the
equivalent of $300, and the third time they would be subject to jail.”
And then things got worse.
“The first two hours consisted of political indoctrination. The rest
of the day we had sports. As time went along, we loved it. Oh, we had so
much fun and got our sports equipment free.
“We would go home and gleefully tell our parents about the wonderful time we had.
“My mother was very unhappy,” remembers Kitty. “When the next term
started, she took me out of public school and put me in a convent. I
told her she couldn’t do that and she told me that someday when I grew
up, I would be grateful. There was a very good curriculum, but hardly
any fun – no sports, and no political indoctrination.
“I hated it at first but felt I could tolerate it. Every once in a
while, on holidays, I went home. I would go back to my old friends and
ask what was going on and what they were doing.
"
“Their loose lifestyle was very alarming to me. They lived without
religion. By that time, unwed mothers were glorified for having a baby
for Hitler.
“It seemed strange to me that our society changed so suddenly. As
time went along, I realized what a great deed my mother did so that I
wasn’t exposed to that kind of humanistic philosophy."
“Then food rationing began."
“In 1939, the war started and a food bank was established. All food
was rationed and could only be purchased using food stamps. At the same
time, a full-employment law was passed which meant if you didn’t work,
you didn’t get a ration card, and if you didn’t have a card, you starved
to death. “Women who stayed home to raise their families didn’t have any marketable skills and often had to take jobs more suited for men."
“Soon after this, the draft was implemented."
“It was compulsory for young people, male and female, to give one
year to the labor corps,” remembers Kitty. “During the day, the girls
worked on the farms, and at night they returned to their barracks for
military training just like the boys.
“They were trained to be anti-aircraft gunners and participated in
the signal corps. After the labor corps, they were not discharged but
were used in the front lines."
“When I go back to Austria to visit my family and friends, most of
these women are emotional cripples because they just were not equipped
to handle the horrors of combat."
“Three months before I turned 18, I was severely injured in an air
raid attack. I nearly had a leg amputated, so I was spared having to go
into the labor corps and into military service."
“When the mothers had to go out into the work force, the government immediately established child care centers."
“You could take your children ages four weeks old to school age and
leave them there around-the-clock, seven days a week, under the total
care of the government."
“The state raised a whole generation of children. There were no
motherly women to take care of the children, just people highly trained
in child psychology. By this time, no one talked about equal rights. We
knew we had been had.
“Before Hitler, we had very good medical care. Many American doctors trained at the University of Vienna."
“As for healthcare, our tax rates went up to 80 percent of our
income. Newlyweds immediately received a $1,000 loan from the government
to establish a household. We had big programs for families."
“After Hitler, health care was socialized, free for everyone. Doctors
were salaried by the government. The problem was, since it was free,
the people were going to the doctors for everything."
“When the good doctor arrived at his office at 8 a.m., 40 people were
already waiting and, at the same time, the hospitals were full."
“If
you needed elective surgery, you had to wait a year or two for your
turn. There was no money for research as it was poured into socialized
medicine. Research at the medical schools literally stopped, so the best
doctors left Austria and emigrated to other countries."
“All day care and education were free. High schools were taken over
by the government and college tuition was subsidized. Everyone was
entitled to free handouts, such as food stamps, clothing, and housing.
“We had another agency designed to monitor business. My brother-in-law owned a restaurant that had square tables.
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Austrian kids loyal to Hitler |
“Government officials told him he had to replace them with round
tables because people might bump themselves on the corners. Then they
said he had to have additional bathroom facilities. It was just a small
dairy business with a snack bar. He couldn’t meet all the demands.
“Soon, he went out of business. If the government owned the large
businesses and not many small ones existed, it could be in control."
“We had consumer protection, too."
“We were told how to shop and what to buy. Free enterprise was
essentially abolished. We had a planning agency specially designed for
farmers. The agents would go to the farms, count the live-stock, and
then tell the farmers what to produce, and how to produce it."
“In 1944, I was a student teacher in a small village in the Alps. The
villagers were surrounded by mountain passes which, in the winter, were
closed off with snow, causing people to be isolated."
“So people intermarried and offspring were sometimes retarded. When I
arrived, I was told there were 15 mentally retarded adults, but they
were all useful and did good manual work."
“I knew one, named Vincent, very well. He was a janitor of the
school. One day I looked out the window and saw Vincent and others
getting into a van."
“I asked my superior where they were going. She said to an
institution where the State Health Department would teach them a trade,
and to read and write. The families were required to sign papers with a
little clause that they could not visit for 6 months."
“They were told visits would interfere with the program and might cause homesickness."
“As time passed, letters started to dribble back saying these people
died a natural, merciful death. The villagers were not fooled. We
suspected what was happening. Those people left in excellent physical
health and all died within 6 months. We called this euthanasia."
“Then they took our guns."
“Next came gun registration. People were getting injured by guns.
Hitler said that the real way to catch criminals (we still had a few)
was by matching serial numbers on guns. Most citizens were law abiding
and dutifully marched to the police station to register their firearms.
Not long afterwards, the police said that it was best for everyone to
turn in their guns. The authorities already knew who had them, so it was
futile not to comply voluntarily."
“No more freedom of speech. Anyone who said something against the
government was taken away. We knew many people who were arrested, not
only Jews, but also priests and ministers who spoke up."
“Totalitarianism didn’t come quickly, it took 5 years from 1938 until
1943, to realize full dictatorship in Austria. Had it happened
overnight, my countrymen would have fought to the last breath. Instead,
we had creeping gradualism. Now, our only weapons were broom handles.
The whole idea sounds almost unbelievable that the state, little by
little eroded our freedom.”
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Kitty Werthmann |
“This is my eye-witness account."
“It’s true. Those of us who sailed past the Statue of Liberty came to a country of unbelievable freedom and opportunity."
“America is truly is the greatest country in the world.
“Don’t let freedom slip away.
“After America, there is no place to go.”